The hidden side of cities

Aquifer Thermal Energy Storage (ATES) systems provide sustainable space heating and cooling for buildings. In future, many buildings in moderate climates rely on ATES for their space heating and cooling.

However, the subsurface space available for heat storage is limited and, there is a trade-off between individual ATES system efficiency and maximizing greenhouse gas emission reduction in an area by facilitating as much ATES systems as possible. Therefore, is it important to explore how aquifers can be utilized sustainably and to its full potential to maximize energy saving with ATES. In this dissertation methods for design, governance and planning of ATES systems in busy areas are presented. It is also identified where in the world suitable aquifers and climatic conditions coincide with urban areas; the future hot-spots for ATES, where these methods are needed.

Dissertation cover: top view of temperature distribution in an aquifer with ATES systems.