{"id":85633,"date":"2026-09-28T11:33:06","date_gmt":"2026-09-28T09:33:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.kwrwater.nl\/actueel\/we-willen-antimicrobiele-resistentie-op-de-agenda-zetten-van-de-watersector\/"},"modified":"2026-09-28T11:40:14","modified_gmt":"2026-09-28T09:40:14","slug":"we-willen-antimicrobiele-resistentie-op-de-agenda-zetten-van-de-watersector","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.kwrwater.nl\/en\/actueel\/we-willen-antimicrobiele-resistentie-op-de-agenda-zetten-van-de-watersector\/","title":{"rendered":"\u201cWe want to put antimicrobial resistance on the water sector\u2019s agenda\u201d"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

This summer, Bas van der Zaan represented KWR at a conference on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Australia. This autumn, he is also co-organising a workshop on the subject during the IWA World Water Congress & Exhibition in Glasgow. What are the implications of AMR for the water sector? And how can research help answer the questions surrounding it?<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Antibiotics have existed since the very beginnings of life on Earth. They are \u2018chemical weapons\u2019 produced by bacteria, fungi and other microorganisms to eliminate competing microorganisms. This allows them to grow and reproduce without interference, for example in water or soil. Some microorganisms have adapted to this. They have developed ways to defend themselves against this chemical warfare: they have become resistant. In bacteria, this is referred to as \u2018antibiotic resistance\u2019. Although this is a natural phenomenon, it has far-reaching consequences for human health.<\/p>\n

Not just a problem for the medical sector<\/h2>\n

Microbiologist Van der Zaan explains: \u201cSince the discovery of penicillin in the early twentieth century, we have been using antibiotics. They proved highly effective against infections caused by bacteria. But if these bacteria are resistant to antibiotics, they survive and the medicines no longer work. For a long time, antimicrobial resistance, or AMR, was regarded as a problem for the medical sector. Hospitals encounter hospital-acquired bacteria that are resistant to antibiotics and are therefore clinically relevant. Veterinarians who use antibiotics also have to deal with this phenomenon. Increasingly, however, we are discovering that antibiotic resistance is also spread through water and the environment.\u201d<\/p>\n

Antibiotics in wastewater<\/h2>\n

Van der Zaan explains how this happens. \u201cWhen people take antibiotics, some of them are excreted in their urine. Because wastewater treatment plants are not designed to remove these substances completely, they also enter surface water via the effluent. In addition, wastewater treatment plants are breeding grounds for all kinds of microorganisms, which can promote the development of antibiotic resistance. Although antibiotics also occur naturally in the environment, concentrations in effluent are many times higher and their composition differs from what is found in nature. If, for example, people swim in this surface water, or if it is used to irrigate food crops, they may come into contact with antibiotic-resistant bacteria. These can colonise the gut, which in itself does not necessarily pose a problem, as most species are harmless. However, they can transfer the genetic material that makes them resistant to other bacteria. If a pathogenic species is among them, there is a risk that antibiotics will no longer be effective if an infection develops.\u201d<\/p>\n

Wastewater treatment technologies tested for AMR removal from effluent<\/h2>\n

Working with the wastewater sector and commissioned by STOWA, Van der Zaan conducted research in which different types of treatment technologies were tested for their ability to remove antibiotic resistance from effluent. The research was carried out as part of the Innovation Programme for Micropollutants from Wastewater Treatment Plant Effluent (IMPV)<\/a>. Van der Zaan presented the results this summer at the Environmental Dimensions of Antimicrobial Resistance Conference (EDAR)<\/a> in Brisbane, Australia.<\/p>\n

Three types of treatment technologies were examined, with filtration technologies showing the most promise. Van der Zaan: \u201cBoth nanofiltration and ceramic filtration perform well. They remove antibiotic-resistant bacteria to below the detection limit. Oxidation technologies, such as ozone or UV, produce varying results, depending on the dose and the organic carbon content of the water. Adsorption technologies such as activated carbon remove virtually no antibiotic-resistant bacteria. In fact, where biologically active populations are present, this technology can even result in slightly higher concentrations of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms. They also exchange packages of genes with one another, which subsequently end up in the effluent. This could actually increase the spread of antibiotic resistance in the environment.\u201d<\/p>\n

Although more sampling locations are needed and the technologies require further testing, Van der Zaan believes that water authorities can certainly benefit from the findings. \u201cIf you are adding an extra treatment step to remove organic micropollutants such as PFAS and pharmaceutical residues, make sure you also consider its effectiveness in removing antibiotic resistance.\u201d<\/p>\n

Drinking water sector and AMR<\/h2>\n

Alongside its work with the wastewater sector, KWR is also addressing questions concerning AMR together with the drinking water sector. Within the joint Waterwijs research programme<\/a>, the subject has been on the agenda of the Biological Safety thematic group<\/a> for several years. Maja Taucer-Kapteijn, Research and Innovation Coordinator at PWN, has been actively involved in this thematic group for many years and is one of the driving forces behind research into AMR in the water cycle. She stresses its importance.<\/p>\n

\u201cWe know that there are currently no risks. Our drinking water in the Netherlands is free from clinically relevant antibiotic-resistant bacteria. At the same time, that does not mean we can stop paying attention to AMR. We need to continue monitoring trends because, as the climate changes, drought reduces river flows, increasing the concentration of microorganisms. At the other extreme, heavier peak rainfall events also occur, causing sewer overflows and releasing microorganisms into the environment. These conditions can promote antibiotic resistance.\u201d<\/p>\n

No legislation yet<\/h2>\n

As there is currently no legal requirement for drinking water companies to test their sources and treatment processes for antibiotic resistance, they are not required to report on it. According to Taucer-Kapteijn, however, it is essential to keep a close eye on developments. \u201cBy keeping up to date with developments in antibiotic resistance, we can identify at an early stage what may be happening under the radar. This enables us to provide advice on monitoring and on establishing a legal framework. I would much rather approach it this way than the other way round. We do not want to be caught off guard by a development we can see coming. Microbiological safety is not something that can easily be controlled. Once bacteria carrying clinically relevant antibiotic resistance genes enter the distribution network, they are not easy to remove. That is why we need to know: what is present in our sources? And are our treatment processes future-proof in this respect as well? What about the transfer of antibiotic resistance genes between clinically relevant and non-clinically relevant bacteria? Are there treatment steps used within our sector that could facilitate this transfer? To answer these questions, research needs to continue.\u201d<\/p>\n

Putting AMR on the agenda at IWA in Glasgow<\/h2>\n

To determine where AMR research should focus in the coming years, end users \u2013 drinking water companies, water authorities and industry \u2013 need to indicate where their concerns lie, which actions they can take themselves and what barriers they encounter. During a workshop that KWR is co-organising at the upcoming IWA World Water Congress & Exhibition<\/a> in Glasgow from 4 to 8 October 2026, Van der Zaan hopes to gather input on these issues.<\/p>\n

\u201cThe workshop was initiated by the Global Water Research Coalition<\/a>, a network organisation of water researchers. I am interested to see how much awareness there is of AMR among end users in the water sector worldwide. By showing what research has been carried out in recent years, and that the entire sector is affected by this issue, we want to put AMR firmly on the agenda. Ten years ago, KWR began researching the occurrence of resistance genes in drinking water sources and their removal during treatment. At that stage, we were looking at the genetic material itself, without knowing whether it was viable. Our research now focuses on living bacteria that meet the specifications of hospital-associated bacteria. For example, are these bacteria also present in the River Meuse or Lake IJsselmeer, from which we abstract water for drinking water production? And if so, are these bacteria also capable of growing at different concentrations of different antibiotics, indicating that they are multidrug-resistant? Alongside monitoring antibiotic resistance in drinking water sources and treatment processes, these are important aspects of AMR that we need to continue monitoring.\u201d<\/p>\n

Investing in the future<\/h2>\n

Asked how PWN is preparing for the future in relation to antibiotic resistance, Taucer-Kapteijn says it is important to continue investing in collaborative research. This also ensures that existing knowledge, both within and outside the drinking water sector, is put to good use. \u201cSo far, the results have not given us any reason to change our operations. Bacteria, including antibiotic-resistant bacteria, are removed very effectively. In addition to providing insight into trends, research helps us understand what types of resistance are involved and how frequently they occur, which antibiotic resistance genes we are dealing with, and which bacteria carry these genes. We need this information in order to assess any potential risks.\u201d<\/p>\n

In addition to research, investment is also needed in collaboration between drinking water companies and water authorities, Taucer-Kapteijn continues. \u201cIn my role, I try to look at the bigger picture. Several drinking water companies use surface water as a source for drinking water production. By discharging wastewater treatment plant effluent, water authorities have an impact on that source. The AMR issue therefore concerns the entire water cycle. By approaching the way we manage that water cycle as a shared societal responsibility, people become more aware of how dependent we are on one another. This requires a different way of organising things, bringing together worlds that were traditionally separate. Joint research is particularly well suited to interpreting risks for the relevant parties, both drinking water companies and policymakers.\u201d<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Would you like to find out more about KWR\u2019s contribution to the IWA World Water Congress & Exhibition in Glasgow from 4 to 8 October 2026? Click here<\/a> to view the programme.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Although antimicrobial resistance (AMR) currently poses no risk to the water sector, continued research is needed to keep a close eye on developments. In this interview, Bas van der Zaan (KWR) and Maja Taucer-Kapteijn (PWN) share their perspectives on the issue.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":76,"featured_media":85631,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_relevanssi_hide_post":"","_relevanssi_hide_content":"","_relevanssi_pin_for_all":"","_relevanssi_pin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_unpin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_include_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_exclude_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_no_append":"","_relevanssi_related_not_related":"","_relevanssi_related_posts":"","_relevanssi_noindex_reason":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-85633","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n\u201cWe want to put antimicrobial resistance on the water sector\u2019s agenda\u201d - KWR<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kwrwater.nl\/en\/actueel\/we-willen-antimicrobiele-resistentie-op-de-agenda-zetten-van-de-watersector\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u201cWe want to put antimicrobial resistance on the water sector\u2019s agenda\u201d - KWR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Although antimicrobial resistance (AMR) currently poses no risk to the water sector, continued research is needed to keep a close eye on developments. 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