{"id":83168,"date":"2026-01-22T17:10:55","date_gmt":"2026-01-22T16:10:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.kwrwater.nl\/actueel\/waterhergebruik-en-waterkringloopsluiting\/"},"modified":"2026-02-03T12:24:50","modified_gmt":"2026-02-03T11:24:50","slug":"waterhergebruik-en-waterkringloopsluiting","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.kwrwater.nl\/en\/actueel\/waterhergebruik-en-waterkringloopsluiting\/","title":{"rendered":"Water reuse and closing the water cycle"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"post_intro\">\n<p>Climate change, pollution, and growing water demand are putting increasing pressure on the availability of reliable freshwater resources worldwide. At KWR, we develop knowledge and solutions to use water more intelligently and sustainably. Water reuse and closing the water cycle play\u00a0<span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW13839021 BCX8\">a central role<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW13839021 BCX8\"> in this mission. This page provides an overview of how KWR contributes &#8211; through research, technology development, and practical collaboration.<\/span><span class=\"EOP SCXW13839021 BCX8\" data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:2,&quot;335559740&quot;:255}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><span class=\"TextRun SCXW47322547 BCX8\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW47322547 BCX8\">The availability of sufficient and reliable freshwater is under pressure worldwide. Climate change, deteriorating water quality, land subsidence, population growth, and rising water demand present new challenges for water management. In this context, there is an urgent need to use water more efficiently and to close water cycles.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"EOP SCXW47322547 BCX8\" data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:2,&quot;335559740&quot;:255}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"TextRun SCXW139051850 BCX8\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW139051850 BCX8\">Water reuse and water cycle closure are essential strategies that offer solutions to reduce the pressure on freshwater availability.\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW139051850 BCX8\">By repurposing treated wastewater for agriculture, industry, or even drinking water production, dependency on natural sources can be reduced.<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW139051850 BCX8\">\u00a0KWR researches and develops strategies, technologies, and methods to implement these transitions in a robust, safe, and sustainable way.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"EOP SCXW139051850 BCX8\" data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:2,&quot;335559740&quot;:255}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Projects such as <a href=\"https:\/\/www.kwrwater.nl\/en\/projecten\/the-urban-waterbuffer\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Urban Waterbuffer<\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.kwrwater.nl\/en\/projecten\/coastar-saline-at-bay-fresh-on-hand\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">COASTAR <\/a>and the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.kwrwater.nl\/en\/projecten\/bedrijfsoverstijgende-water-match-maker\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Bedrijfsoverstijgende Water-Matchmaker<\/a> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW230193819 BCX8\">contribute to a resilient and robust water supply,\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW230193819 BCX8\">demonstrating<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW230193819 BCX8\">\u00a0how reuse and subsurface buffering can better align water demand and availability\u2014even during times of scarcity.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h2>Why close the water cycle?<\/h2>\n<p><span class=\"TextRun SCXW249244568 BCX8\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW249244568 BCX8\">The traditional linear water chain &#8211; from intake to discharge &#8211; is no longe<\/span><\/span>r sustainable. By <a href=\"https:\/\/www.kwrwater.nl\/en\/subthema\/hergebruik\/\">closing <\/a><a title=\"https:\/\/www.kwrwater.nl\/subthema\/waterkringloopsluiting\/\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kwrwater.nl\/en\/subthema\/waterkringloopsluiting\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">waterloops<\/a> at local or regional levels, <span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW249244568 BCX8\">we can ensure water availability where and when it is needed.<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW249244568 BCX8\">\u00a0This requires structural system-level changes as well as smart local decision-making. KWR supports this transition with knowledge on<\/span> <a title=\"https:\/\/www.kwrwater.nl\/thema\/waterkwaliteit-en-gezondheid\/\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kwrwater.nl\/en\/thema\/water-quality-and-health\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">water quality<\/a>,\u00a0 <a title=\"https:\/\/www.kwrwater.nl\/thema\/zoetwaterbeschikbaarheid\/\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kwrwater.nl\/en\/thema\/freshwater-resources-management\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">soil<\/a>,\u00a0 <a title=\"https:\/\/www.kwrwater.nl\/subthema\/innovatieve-waterzuivering\/\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kwrwater.nl\/en\/subthema\/innovative-water-treatment\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">purification<\/a>, <a title=\"https:\/\/www.kwrwater.nl\/subthema\/innovatieve-waterdistributie\/\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kwrwater.nl\/en\/subthema\/innovatieve-waterdistributie\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">pipeline transport<\/a>, <a title=\"https:\/\/www.kwrwater.nl\/thema\/grondstofhergebruik-en-circulaire-systemen\/\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kwrwater.nl\/en\/thema\/resource-recovery-and-circular-systems\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">system analysis<\/a>,\u00a0<a title=\"https:\/\/www.kwrwater.nl\/tools-producten\/simdeum\/\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kwrwater.nl\/en\/tools-producten\/simdeum\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">water demand <\/a>and <a title=\"https:\/\/www.kwrwater.nl\/subthema\/toekomstverkenning-en-responsstrategieen\/\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kwrwater.nl\/en\/subthema\/futures-studies-and-response-strategies\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">future scenario exploration<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"TextRun SCXW90713082 BCX8\" lang=\"NL-NL\" xml:lang=\"NL-NL\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun CommentStart CommentHighlightPipeRest CommentHighlightRest SCXW90713082 BCX8\" data-ccp-parastyle=\"heading 2\">Water reuse: from wastewater to valuable resource<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW16063074 BCX8\">Treated urban and industrial wastewater is increasingly seen as a reliable\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun ContextualSpellingAndGrammarErrorV2Themed SCXW16063074 BCX8\">alternative<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW16063074 BCX8\">\u00a0freshwater source. KWR works on technologies and systems for safe and efficient purification, resource recovery, and water redistribution.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.kwrwater.nl\/subthema\/waterkringloopsluiting\/)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span class=\"TextRun SCXW49383585 BCX8\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW49383585 BCX8\">Examples of practical implementation include:<\/span><\/span><span class=\"EOP SCXW49383585 BCX8\" data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:2,&quot;335559740&quot;:255}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"1\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:360,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;singleLevel&quot;}\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.kwrwater.nl\/en\/tools-producten\/homewaterlab\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">HomeWaterLab<\/a>: <span class=\"TextRun SCXW197012855 BCX8\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW197012855 BCX8\">A practice-based setup that allows for experimentation with decentralized treatment and reuse.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"1\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:360,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;singleLevel&quot;}\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.kwrwater.nl\/projecten\/circulaire-proeftuin-waterbewust-bouwen\/#:~:text=In%20het%20project%20Circulaire,(3)%20Beoordelingskaders%20voor%20duurzaamheid.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span class=\"TextRun SCXW71016340 BCX8\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW71016340 BCX8\">Water conscious building: Circular Living Labs ,<\/span><\/span><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.kwrwater.nl\/en\/projecten\/alternative-drinking-water-sources\/\"><span class=\"TextRun SCXW71016340 BCX8\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW71016340 BCX8\">safe water from alternative sources.<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"TextRun SCXW39398128 BCX8\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW39398128 BCX8\"> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.kwrwater.nl\/en\/projecten\/radical-new-sources-of-drinking-water\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">radically new sources<\/a>. Use of rainwater and greywater at the household or district level for non-potable purposes, and treated effluent (from industrial process water or municipal wastewater) for central drinking water supply.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"1\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:360,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;singleLevel&quot;}\" data-aria-posinset=\"3\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.kwrwater.nl\/en\/projecten\/waterrotonde-eerbeek\/\">Water Hub Eerbeek<\/a>: <span class=\"TextRun SCXW182546956 BCX8\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW182546956 BCX8\">Treatment of process water from paper and cardboard factories and recovery of by-products for reuse.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"1\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:360,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;singleLevel&quot;}\" data-aria-posinset=\"4\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.kwrwater.nl\/en\/projecten\/reduction-of-pressure-on-groundwater-through-reuse-of-water-from-dairy-plants-in-agriculture\/\">Dairy Industry Water Reuse<\/a>: <span class=\"TextRun SCXW250247280 BCX8\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW250247280 BCX8\">Reuse of wastewater from dairy processing for agricultural and system-level applications.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"1\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:360,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;singleLevel&quot;}\" data-aria-posinset=\"5\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.kwrwater.nl\/en\/projecten\/closing-the-water-cycle\/?highlight=Sluiten%20watercyclus%20Noord-Holland\">Closing the Water Cycle in North Holland<\/a>: <span class=\"TextRun SCXW82682064 BCX8\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW82682064 BCX8\">To fully close the cycle, effluent must undergo advanced treatment, including removal of organic micropollutants.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kwrwater.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/toekomstvisie-waterketen_14072020_A3_met-tekst-logos-en-titel-scaled.jpg\" width=\"812\" height=\"540\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>Benefits of circular water projects<\/h2>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Circular water initiatives offer\u00a0numerous\u00a0ecological, economic, and societal benefits:<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:2,&quot;335559740&quot;:255}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"2\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;multilevel&quot;}\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\">Improved water security: local water reuse reduces reliance on external sources.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"2\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;multilevel&quot;}\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\">Climate adaptation: cycle closure helps mitigate drought, heat, and stormwater challenges.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"2\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;multilevel&quot;}\" data-aria-posinset=\"3\" data-aria-level=\"1\">Resource and energy recovery: innovative techniques enable recovery of nutrients, heat, and other valuable substances from wastewater.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"2\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;multilevel&quot;}\" data-aria-posinset=\"4\" data-aria-level=\"1\">Spatial quality and liveability: smart water solutions contribute to greener, cooler, and healthier urban environments.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"2\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;multilevel&quot;}\" data-aria-posinset=\"5\" data-aria-level=\"1\">Societal engagement<span data-contrast=\"auto\">: circular projects encourage cooperation among citizens, businesses, and governments.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:2,&quot;335559740&quot;:255}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"TextRun SCXW231745917 BCX8\" lang=\"NL-NL\" xml:lang=\"NL-NL\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW231745917 BCX8\" data-ccp-parastyle=\"heading 2\">Water quality and public health<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span class=\"TextRun SCXW244561022 BCX8\" lang=\"NL-NL\" xml:lang=\"NL-NL\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW244561022 BCX8\"><span class=\"TextRun SCXW170544213 BCX8\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW170544213 BCX8\">Protecting public health is central to water reuse and cycle closure. KWR investigates how to effectively manage potential risks from pathogens and pollutants, using advanced purification technologies and monitoring. Developments like<\/span><\/span> <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.kwrwater.nl\/en\/projecten\/non-target-screening\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun CommentStart CommentHighlightPipeRest CommentHighlightRest SCXW244561022 BCX8\">non-target screening<\/span><\/a><span class=\"NormalTextRun CommentHighlightRest SCXW244561022 BCX8\"> and <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.kwrwater.nl\/en\/tools-producten\/aquapriori\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun CommentStart SpellingErrorV2Themed CommentHighlightPipeRest CommentHighlightRest SCXW244561022 BCX8\">AquaPriori<\/span><\/a><span class=\"NormalTextRun CommentHighlightPipeRest SCXW244561022 BCX8\"> <span class=\"TextRun SCXW170544213 BCX8\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW170544213 BCX8\">enable early detection of unknown substances and help predict their behavior in the water chain. Research also focuses on emerging pathogens, risk management strategies, and the effectiveness of treatment barriers. By combining this knowledge with risk assessment and governance, KWR supports the safe reuse of water in industry, agriculture, and indirectly in drinking water production.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h2>Technology and governance go hand in hand<\/h2>\n<p><span class=\"TextRun SCXW66221301 BCX8\" lang=\"NL-NL\" xml:lang=\"NL-NL\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW66221301 BCX8\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW227996649 BCX8\">Technological innovation is essential but not sufficient on its own. Governance,\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW227996649 BCX8\">organisation<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW227996649 BCX8\">, and societal acceptance are equally critical. KWR explores how decision-making, regulation, and collaboration can support successful implementation of cycle closure. This includes approaches such as\u00a0<\/span> <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/library.kwrwater.nl\/publication\/72406185\/transformatief-omgevingsmanagers-verbinden-de-watertransitie-aan-maatschappelijke-opgaven\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun CommentStart SpellingErrorV2Themed CommentHighlightPipeRest CommentHighlightRest SCXW66221301 BCX8\">Transformatief<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun CommentHighlightRest SCXW66221301 BCX8\">\u00a0Omgevingsmanagement<\/span><\/a><span class=\"NormalTextRun CommentHighlightPipeRest SCXW66221301 BCX8\">, <span class=\"TextRun SCXW72944753 BCX8\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW72944753 BCX8\">which explores new forms of cooperation. In this way, we help water managers develop robust and adaptive strategies for a sustainable water cycle.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kwrwater.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/2023-03-29-Ultieme-waterfabriek_14042022_totaal-scaled.jpg\" width=\"842\" height=\"476\" \/><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"TextRun SCXW228389805 BCX8\" lang=\"NL-NL\" xml:lang=\"NL-NL\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW228389805 BCX8\" data-ccp-parastyle=\"heading 2\">Legitimising water reuse and social integration<\/span><\/span><span class=\"EOP SCXW228389805 BCX8\" data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134245418&quot;:true,&quot;134245529&quot;:true,&quot;335559738&quot;:200,&quot;335559739&quot;:0}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW141166786 BCX8\">The transition to a circular economy is generating promising technologies for the reuse of water and the recovery of nutrients and energy it\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW141166786 BCX8\">contains<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW141166786 BCX8\">. A key challenge is scaling up circular water solutions while ensuring social integration and legal compliance. How can such solutions be<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.kwrwater.nl\/en\/projecten\/socio-technological-legitimisation-of-water-related-reuse\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">socio-technically legitimised<\/a>\u00a0<span class=\"TextRun SCXW141166786 BCX8\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW141166786 BCX8\">through supportive regulation and institutional trust?<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW234786742 BCX8\">KWR investigates and\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW234786742 BCX8\">identifies<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW234786742 BCX8\">\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW234786742 BCX8\">legitimisation<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW234786742 BCX8\"> strategies that can build institutional trust and foster societal integration of water reuse. One example is an exploratory study on public<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.h2owaternetwerk.nl\/vakartikelen\/de-acceptatie-van-waterhergebruik-een-verkenning-naar-de-betekenis-voor-medewerkers-van-een-drinkwaterbedrijf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">acceptance of water reuse<\/a>. <span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW27639065 BCX8\">One example is an exploratory study on public acceptance of water reuse. In addition, the legal framework for water-related reuse has been mapped. Successful\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW27639065 BCX8\">legitimisation<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW27639065 BCX8\"> strategies describe actions to enhance acceptance and adoption of water reuse &#8211; such as creating ambassadors within the water sector by sharing quality results from monitoring procedures and measurement systems. A synergistic approach, combining interconnected strategies, proves most effective.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h2>Sustainability and decision-making<\/h2>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"TextRun SCXW53256596 BCX8\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW53256596 BCX8\">Water reuse and closing the water cycle demand sustainable choices that balance ecological, economic, and social dimensions. KWR develops knowledge and tools to support water managers in making such integrated decisions. This includes cost-benefit analyses<\/span><\/span>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.kwrwater.nl\/en\/subthema\/tools-om-circulariteit-te-meten\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">environmental impact assessments, <\/a><span class=\"TextRun SCXW53256596 BCX8\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW53256596 BCX8\">and governance instruments to guide the design of circular water systems.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kwrwater.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/2025-12-04-KWRW249_infographic-water-reuse_v2-01-1-2019.jpg\" width=\"800\" height=\"566\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW131450737 BCX8\">In research\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW131450737 BCX8\">programmes<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW131450737 BCX8\">\u00a0like<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.kwrwater.nl\/en\/samenwerkingen\/collectief-onderzoek-water-circulaire-economie\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">WiCE<\/a> and projects like <a href=\"https:\/\/www.kwrwater.nl\/en\/projecten\/anchor-broad-knowledge-development-about-urban-water-reuse\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ANCHOR <\/a><span class=\"TextRun SCXW131450737 BCX8\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW131450737 BCX8\">sustainability and reuse are linked to practical applications. KWR also develops methods for decision-making under deep uncertainty, such as<\/span><\/span> (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.kwrwater.nl\/en\/projecten\/besluitvorming-onder-diepe-onzekerheid-in-de-drinkwatersector-verkenning-van-dapp-multirisk-pathways-als-methodiek\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Dynamic\u00a0Adaptive\u00a0Policy\u00a0Pathways<\/a>), <span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW233766821 BCX8\">which allows exploration of flexible strategies to cope with future developments. This approach is crucial for infrastructure and technology investments in reuse, where uncertainty around climate, regulation, and human\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW233766821 BCX8\">behaviour<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW233766821 BCX8\">\u00a0plays\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW233766821 BCX8\">a major role<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW233766821 BCX8\">. By connecting science, practice, and policy, KWR supports robust and future-proof choices for a sustainable water cycle.<\/span><\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2>Want to learn more about water reuse and closing the water cycle?<\/h2>\n<p><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW238296666 BCX8\">Water reuse offers multiple benefits. KWR investigates how this can be achieved safely, economically, environmentally, and\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun ContextualSpellingAndGrammarErrorV2Themed SCXW238296666 BCX8\">socially &#8211; considering<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW238296666 BCX8\">\u00a0the entire water system. Follow our news page to stay informed on the latest insights, tools, and real-world examples.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Climate change, pollution and growing demand for water are putting pressure on the availability of reliable freshwater worldwide. At KWR, we are working on knowledge and solutions for smarter and more sustainable water use.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":76,"featured_media":83023,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_relevanssi_hide_post":"","_relevanssi_hide_content":"","_relevanssi_pin_for_all":"","_relevanssi_pin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_unpin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_include_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_exclude_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_no_append":"","_relevanssi_related_not_related":"","_relevanssi_related_posts":"","_relevanssi_noindex_reason":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-83168","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-watersector-en"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Water reuse and closing the water cycle - KWR<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kwrwater.nl\/en\/actueel\/waterhergebruik-en-waterkringloopsluiting\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Water reuse and closing the water cycle - KWR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Climate change, pollution and growing demand for water are putting pressure on the availability of reliable freshwater worldwide. At KWR, we are working on knowledge and solutions for smarter and more sustainable water use.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.kwrwater.nl\/en\/actueel\/waterhergebruik-en-waterkringloopsluiting\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"KWR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/KWRwater\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-01-22T16:10:55+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-02-03T11:24:50+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.kwrwater.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/terugwinnen-water-scaled-1.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"2560\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1441\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Amber Ammerlaan\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@KWR_water\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@KWR_water\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Amber Ammerlaan\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"6 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.kwrwater.nl\/en\/actueel\/waterhergebruik-en-waterkringloopsluiting\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.kwrwater.nl\/en\/actueel\/waterhergebruik-en-waterkringloopsluiting\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Amber Ammerlaan\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.kwrwater.nl\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/43ddbf39b03a439807a25c203b25dcfc\"},\"headline\":\"Water reuse and closing the water cycle\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-01-22T16:10:55+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-02-03T11:24:50+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.kwrwater.nl\/en\/actueel\/waterhergebruik-en-waterkringloopsluiting\/\"},\"wordCount\":1020,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.kwrwater.nl\/en\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.kwrwater.nl\/en\/actueel\/waterhergebruik-en-waterkringloopsluiting\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.kwrwater.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/terugwinnen-water-scaled-1.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Water Sector\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.kwrwater.nl\/en\/actueel\/waterhergebruik-en-waterkringloopsluiting\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.kwrwater.nl\/en\/actueel\/waterhergebruik-en-waterkringloopsluiting\/\",\"name\":\"Water reuse and closing the water cycle - 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