{"id":81056,"date":"2025-07-02T11:55:38","date_gmt":"2025-07-02T09:55:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.kwrwater.nl\/?p=81056"},"modified":"2025-07-07T13:01:23","modified_gmt":"2025-07-07T11:01:23","slug":"immunotoxicity-the-hidden-health-risk","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.kwrwater.nl\/en\/actueel\/immunotoxicity-the-hidden-health-risk\/","title":{"rendered":"Immunotoxicity: The Hidden Health Risk"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"post_intro\">\n<p>KWR\u2019s recent work on chemical water quality and health has been featured in the <span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW195237919 BCX0\">April 2025 <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW195237919 BCX0\">issue of <\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW195237919 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW195237919 BCX0\">The Source<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW195237919 BCX0\">,<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW195237919 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW195237919 BCX0\"> magazine<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW195237919 BCX0\">of the International Water Association (IWA)<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW195237919 BCX0\">.<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW195237919 BCX0\"> The journal has over 8000 <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW195237919 BCX0\">members in 140 countries<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW195237919 BCX0\">. <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW195237919 BCX0\">Th<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW195237919 BCX0\">is<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW195237919 BCX0\"> article, authored by <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW195237919 BCX0\">Sanah Majid Shaikh<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW195237919 BCX0\">,<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW195237919 BCX0\">\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW195237919 BCX0\"> Daniel Duarte<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW195237919 BCX0\">,<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW195237919 BCX0\">Tessa Pronk<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW195237919 BCX0\">,<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW195237919 BCX0\">Milou Dingemans<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW195237919 BCX0\">,<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW195237919 BCX0\"> and colleagues from <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW195237919 BCX0\">partner institutions (<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW195237919 BCX0\">HWL, <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW195237919 BCX0\">Waternet<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW195237919 BCX0\">, <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW195237919 BCX0\">Vitens, Utrecht University, and RIVM<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW195237919 BCX0\">)<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW195237919 BCX0\"> was developed as part of the <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW195237919 BCX0\">Waterwijs<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW195237919 BCX0\">collective research <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW195237919 BCX0\">programme<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW195237919 BCX0\">.<\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"TextRun SCXW195237919 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW195237919 BCX0\">Despite increasing scientific evidence, immunotoxicity is rarely included in regulatory water safety assessments<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW195237919 BCX0\">. <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW195237919 BCX0\">In the article <em>Immunotoxicity: The Hidden Health Risk<\/em>, <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW195237919 BCX0\">the authors explore the <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun ContextualSpellingAndGrammarErrorV2Themed SCXW195237919 BCX0\">often-overlooked<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW195237919 BCX0\"> but vital <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW195237919 BCX0\">need to incorporate<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW195237919 BCX0\"> immunotoxicity in drinking water safety assessments<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW195237919 BCX0\"> as <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW195237919 BCX0\">an important step<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW195237919 BCX0\"> toward protecting public health in the face of emerging chemical risks<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW195237919 BCX0\"> and complex exposure to mixtures<\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"TextRun SCXW225030617 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW225030617 BCX0\">Why <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun ContextualSpellingAndGrammarErrorV2Themed SCXW225030617 BCX0\">immunotoxicity<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun ContextualSpellingAndGrammarErrorV2Themed SCXW225030617 BCX0\">m<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun ContextualSpellingAndGrammarErrorV2Themed SCXW225030617 BCX0\">atters<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW225030617 BCX0\">?<\/span><\/span><span class=\"EOP SCXW225030617 BCX0\" data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:2,&quot;335559740&quot;:255}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span class=\"TextRun SCXW38613291 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW38613291 BCX0\">Immunotoxicity refers to harmful effects on the immune system caused by exposure to certain chemicals. Substances like <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW38613291 BCX0\">PFAS<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW38613291 BCX0\"> (<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW38613291 BCX0\">p<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW38613291 BCX0\">er- and <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW38613291 BCX0\">p<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW38613291 BCX0\">olyfluoroalkyl <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW38613291 BCX0\">s<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW38613291 BCX0\">ubstances<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW38613291 BCX0\">) <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW38613291 BCX0\">often found in industrial runoff<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW38613291 BCX0\">and <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW38613291 BCX0\">BPA (<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW38613291 BCX0\">b<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW38613291 BCX0\">isphenol<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW38613291 BCX0\">)<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW38613291 BCX0\">, used in plastics, have been linked to reduced vaccine effectiveness, increased infection rates<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW38613291 BCX0\">and even higher cancer risks.<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW38613291 BCX0\">What makes immunotoxicity especially concerning is its subtle, cumulative nature. <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW38613291 BCX0\">Unlike immediate toxic effects, immune system damage <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun ContextualSpellingAndGrammarErrorV2Themed SCXW38613291 BCX0\">builds up<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW38613291 BCX0\"> silently over time, often <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW38613291 BCX0\">remaining<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW38613291 BCX0\"> undetected until it leads to serious or irreversible health outcomes. This is particularly alarming during critical stages of development like childhood or pregnancy, when even low-level exposure can have lifelong consequences.<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW38613291 BCX0\">Yet, despite the mounting evidence, immunotoxicity is still not a standard endpoint in chemical safety evaluations. Regulatory frameworks like the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/environment.ec.europa.eu\/topics\/chemicals\/reach-regulation_en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun CommentStart CommentHighlightPipeRest CommentHighlightRest SCXW38613291 BCX0\">EU\u2019s REACH mandate<\/span><\/a><span class=\"NormalTextRun CommentHighlightPipeRest SCXW38613291 BCX0\"> testing for carcinogenicity<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW38613291 BCX0\"> and several other endpoints<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW38613291 BCX0\">, but immunotoxicity is only addressed when specific <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW38613291 BCX0\">concerns are raised<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW38613291 BCX0\">,<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW38613291 BCX0\">leaving countless chemicals unexamined for their potential immune harm. This <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW38613291 BCX0\">is a <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW38613291 BCX0\">regulatory blind spot <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW38613291 BCX0\">of<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW38613291 BCX0\"> public health <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW38613291 BCX0\">concern<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW38613291 BCX0\"> that demands immediate and systematic <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW38613291 BCX0\">action<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW38613291 BCX0\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"TextRun SCXW1797002 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW1797002 BCX0\">What is <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW1797002 BCX0\">required<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW1797002 BCX0\">?<\/span><\/span><span class=\"EOP SCXW1797002 BCX0\" data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:2,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559740&quot;:255}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW89722559 BCX0\">To address the gap in water safety, a tiered testing strategy<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW89722559 BCX0\"> is recommended<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW89722559 BCX0\">, starting with broad bioassays and narrowing down to high-risk chemicals. The<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW89722559 BCX0\"> authors<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW89722559 BCX0\"> urge the establishment of effect-based thresholds<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW89722559 BCX0\">(EBTs) to guide decisions, <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW89722559 BCX0\">prioritisation<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW89722559 BCX0\"> of under-tested substances, development of <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW89722559 BCX0\">standardised<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW89722559 BCX0\"> immunotoxicity tests, and continued research on how chemical mixtures <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW89722559 BCX0\">impact<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW89722559 BCX0\"> the immune system<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kwrwater.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Image.jpg\" \/><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>KWR\u2019s recent work on chemical water quality and health has been featured in the April 2025 issue of The Source, magazine of the International Water Association (IWA). The journal has over 8000 members in 140 countries.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":76,"featured_media":81062,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_relevanssi_hide_post":"","_relevanssi_hide_content":"","_relevanssi_pin_for_all":"","_relevanssi_pin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_unpin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_include_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_exclude_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_no_append":"","_relevanssi_related_not_related":"","_relevanssi_related_posts":"","_relevanssi_noindex_reason":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[631],"tags":[1837,1873],"class_list":["post-81056","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog-en","tag-waterwijs-en","tag-risk-assessment","gtag-public-health","gtag-toxicology"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Immunotoxicity: The Hidden Health Risk - 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